Euthanasia - A Kantian Perspective Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Euthanasia - A Kantian Perspective - Term Paper Example The world is divided over the moral issues involved in taking the life of a person. Some people see no moral violations in allowing mercy killing whereas some others especially the believers in religion and God argue that only the creator has the right to take the life back of his creations. This paper briefly analyses the moral issues involved in euthanasia with the help of Kantian perspectives or moral theories of life. According to Kant, suicide was an action that violates moral responsibility. He believed that the proper end of rational beings requires self-preservation, and that suicide would, therefore, be inconsistent with the fundamental value of human life. Nobody has so far succeeded in creating an artificial life in a laboratory set up even though science and technology advanced a lot. The above fact itself clearly shows the value and preciousness associated with life. Kant believed that humans have the duty or the mission of managing his resources in the physical world and he has no right to intrude into the spiritual world. Nobody knows from where we come and where we go after death. But everybody knows that only the physical body will be destroyed after death whereas the spirit/soul which drives the human body may not have an end even after death. Kant believed that human being has a special place in the creations of god and hence morality is the core of every action or duty performed by a human being. Since man cannot have absolute surety in what is going to happen in the next moment, it is his mission to do his duty and don’t bother about the outcomes. In other words, the man comes to this earth for a temporary assignment and he is not sure about his mission in the past, present and in future. â€Å"According to Kant, every rational being exists as an end in himself and not merely as a means to be arbitrarily used by this or that will†.

To Kill A Mockingbird Themes

To Kill A Mockingbird Themes One of Harper Lees strongest themes throughout the novel To Kill a Mockingbird is certain characters being judged by their external appearance rather than who they really are. This false judgement is portrayed through pure prejudice that damages not only societys sight, but also their thoughts and actions. This prejudice and misjudgement can be compared to a foggy window where society fails to see past the fog and therefore, also fails to see past the characters illusory appearances. Throughout the novel, Maycombs community ages to believe that ones appearance plays a much larger role in a persons judgement rather than their true reality. This false accusation creates a barrier between the truth and peoples assumptions. As a result, not only does Maycomb fail to understand why others like, Mr. Raymond and Boo Radley live the way they do but in the process, also decline any chance to relate to characters such as, Tom Robinson. When Maycombs society buried their memories of Boo Radley , sent an innocent man to his death sentence and forced another to live in a world of lies, they grew to judge men by their appearance rather than learning the silent reality of their lives. Appearance versus reality is a huge issue throughout To Kill a Mockingbird. In each chapter, prejudice occurs in a constant cycle whether it is aimed at an innocent black male, a scared boogeyman, or a drunken traitor. The book displays every aspect of how people can look through the foggy window and see things completely different than what they truly appear to be. Dolphus Raymond states that it is easier for people to handle differences when they have a reason to explain it; therefore, he pretends to be an alcoholic. As for Boo Radley, a man the entire world has feared for 30 years brings Scout to tears when she realizes that this same man had protected and saved her life. If every person goes one-step further to wipe this window clean, people like Boo Radley, Raymond Dolphus, and Tom Robinson would not have to be judged by the kind of people they appear to be, but rather the kind of people they were raised to be. All his life, Boo Radley was isolated from the rest of society due to his strange ways and choices of lifestyle notably unfamiliar to the norms of Maycomb. Rumours that Boo Radley is a mean person are common in society and cause nothing more than misjudgement and prejudice upon the deprived character. After falling into a bad crowd as a teenager and ignoring all chances of assertiveness, he is brought up in front of the most heartless judge in the novel, the town of Maycomb. Boo becomes a central figure in the imaginations of Scout, Jem, and their neighbour Dill, and thus becomes their summers playground where they attempt to play-role his life and lure the poor character out of his home. However, despite his history of being abused by his father, Boo reveals to be a gentle soul through his secreted acts. The gifts he leaves in the tree, his sewing of Jems torn pants, the blanket he puts around Scout the night of the fire, and finally, his rescue of the children from Bob Ewells vicio us attack, are all just bountiful acts both the readers and characters fail to see up until the end of the novel. In addition, the Radleys keep very much to themselves, a nature very different from the usual life Maycomb is used to. The Radleys welcome anywhere in town, kept to themselves, a predilection unforgivable in Maycomb. They did not go to church, Maycombs principal recreation, but worshiped at home. (Lee, 9) All his life Boo Radley decides to stay quiet and pay no attention to the dirt piling up on his personal and family life. Society fails to see through the foggy window of Boo Radleys life and without any attempts to appreciate his deeds, turns this character into an imaginary boogeyman. As a reason to help society understand his habits and strange ways, Mr. Raymond spends most of his drunken life living behind a wall of lies and pure pretend. In the segregated crowds outside the courthouse, with a bottle of whisky and a history of marrying an African- American woman, Dolphus sits with the African-Americans and minds his own business. Throughout a large part of the novel, readers are to believe that Mr. Raymond is a man of pitiful foolishness and only wrong. Through the eyes of someone far from the foggy window, Dolphus is nothing more than a drunken man who ruined his life and most importantly reputation by marrying a black woman, an act indescribable in the town of Maycomb. As Mr. Dolphus was an evil man I accepted his invitation reluctantly (Lee, 204) However, as one comes closer to this window, he realizes that Mr. Raymond is not a drunk after all and only pretends to have whisky in his bag so Maycomb will have something to latch on to, in order to understand his actions. In reality, Dolphus has Coke in his paper bag and his drunkenness turns out to be a put-on. Mr Raymond describes prejudice as the simple hell people give other people. (Lee, 205) He explains to Jem and Scout why he does it: When I come to town à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ if I weave a little and drink out of this sack, folks can say Dolphus Raymonds in the clutches of whiskey thats why he wont change his ways. He cant help himself, thats why he lives the way he does (Lee, 204). Mr. Raymonds double life shows Scout the settlements people have to make, in order to live in communities where they are not quite accepted or where peoples first assumptions encrypt a lifelong definition on others. Racial prejudice cost Tom Robinson his life, as he is found guilty without any sign of justice or pity. In our courts when its a white mans word against a black mans, the white man always wins. Theyre ugly, but those are the facts of life. (Lee, 224) Tom is a black man accused of raping a white woman, a crime that is punishable only by a death sentence. However, even though all the facts prove that he did not do it, the jury still found him guilty and did everything in their power to put this innocent man behind bars, not knowing it will become his deathbed. The justice system did not allow this man to have a fair trial because of the color of his skin. They disregarded his integrity because all they could focus on was what the window let them see, and what stood out first; his skin color. Instead of digging deeper into the case, everyone refused to know the truth because it would simply not make sense. As a result, withought any further attempt to figure out the truth, Tom Robinsons life was determined by his appearance.

Dangers And Destructions Of Floods And Hurricanes :: essays research papers

Dangers and Destructions of Floods and Hurricanes Floods and hurricanes have been effecting the lives of people around the world for years. This research paper is going to state some of the worst floods and hurricanes, and how future ones can be controlled. A flood is an overflow of water on dry land. The two types of floods are coastal and river floods. Coastal floods are the first topic in this research paper. A coastal flood is the flooding of beaches and surrounding areas; including bar spits and deltas. They can be effected by tidal waves and coastal currents. Coastal floods can cover a large amount of distance along a shore. The length of time a coastal flood is dangerous is usually very short. It depends on how high the tide is which goes up and down twice a day. When the velocities of hurricane winds become severe the height of the waves become three or more feet higher than the previous high tide. Coastal floods can be caused by a number of things. Coastal floods can be caused by runoff, hurricane waves, tsunami (seismic sea waves), and hurricane rains. Coastal flooding can not only take part on oceans but it can also take part on lakes. Coastal flooding can be a great danger because coast lines are very densely populated areas. In the United States in the early 1990's 50% of the population was on a coastal county.1 Although they shrink before reaching shore, wind generated waves have been spotted to be as high as 30 m (100 ft) in the middle of the ocean.2 In 1970 a major storm in the Bay of Bengal produced heavy seas that flooded regions of East Pakistan, killing about 200,000 people.3 River flooding can happen a number of ways. The causes are rain, snowmelt, and ice jams. Soil can not absorb as much water with continuos moistening. The longer that precipitation lasts the more water flows into streams as runoff. Cloudburst floods only last for a couple hours, but they need a large amount of rainfall. This usually only happens in mountainous areas. They are called flash floods. Floods occurring from snowmelt and ice jams do not have to be preceded by heavy rains. Moderate amounts of rain can make things even worse because the ground does not absorb it. Floods can result in the failure dams, aqueducts, weirs, landfills, paving, construction, and storm sewers. They are artificial causes. In 1993 when rainfall lasted from April until July in Iowa, Illinois, Minnesota, Missouri, Wisconsin, South Dakota, Nebraska, and Kansas, it covered about 16 billion acres.4 Many deaths and $10 billion in damage was the result

In Cold Blood Comparison And Contrast

The novel â€Å"In Cold Blood† by Truman Capote focuses on two main characters, Dick and Perry, that murder a family, try to escape and are eventually caught by the police. Throughout the story the author shows off both characters differently towards the reader, he displays Perry as a sympathetic character and displays Dick as being a dick. Truman Capote first came across the story of the murders by reading about it in newspaper, he then decided to article about it for the New York Times, before finally deciding to write a book.The author had many reasons to write the book his mains purpose was to make himself famous, while creating a new genre, and informing the audience about the murders that happened in Holcomb. In the book the author presents two representations of the same time span, one through the perspective of dick and another through the perspective of Perry. While giving the readers the story through two different perspectives the author uses a strong choice in lang uage. In the first representation from novel the author wrote â€Å"Deal me out, baby,’ Dick said.‘I’m a normal. ’ And Dick meant what he said. He thought of himself as balanced, as sane as anyone—maybe a bit smarter than the average fellow, that’s all. But Perry—there was, in Dick’s opinion, ‘something wrong’ with Little Perry. † The authors language in this tries to show Dick using Perry as a foil for his own self-image, often making him seem unimportant for his more eccentric, â€Å"childish,† or feminine qualities, in comparison with which Dick convinces himself that he is â€Å"normal.Another thing the author shows in the first representation is Dick’s pride in himself, which is made clear when the author wrote â€Å"he thought as balanced, as sane as anyone—maybe a bit smarter than the average fellow, that’s all†. Throughout the first representation the authors tone s ounds descriptive and condescending, he describes Dick’s attitude while also looking down upon it and not really giving any reason to his actions unlike his tone toward Perry, the first representation is done very well, in my opinion it is because the author goes into great detail describing what Dick does while sometimes being humorous.The second representation of the time span focuses on the perspective of Perry; it shows how Perry saw the events that took place during that time. In the second representation Capote shows Perry as a more sympathetic character, in the book the author wrote, â€Å"Then he heard dick say, ‘Deal me out, baby. I’m a normal. ’ Wasn’t that a horse’s laugh? But never mind, let it pass. ‘Deep down,’ Perry continued, ‘way, way rock-bottom, I never thought I could do it. A thing like that. † This quote shows an attempt by the author to make Perry seems like a better person, and a more sympathe tic character to improve his image.The author also tries to give depth to Perry’s character in the representation, the author wrote â€Å"And at once he recognized his error: Dick would, Of course, answer by asking, ‘how about the nigger? ’ When he’d told Dick that story, it was because he’d wanted Dick’s friendship, wanted dick to ‘respect’ him, think him ‘hard,’ as much ‘the masculine type’ as he had considered dick to be. † This quote shows how Capote tries to improve Perry’s image because he tries to give reasons to Perry’s actions even though they were bad, by doing so the audience gains an emotional appeal towards Perry and think of him as a better person than Dick.The author shows further sympathy to dick when he himself tries to explain Perry’s action, he wrote â€Å"But if the man was dead today it was none of Perry’s doing; he’d never raised a hand aga inst him. For all he knew, King might still be lying in a bed somewhere†, this passage shows how much Capote connected with Perry compared to how he did with Dick, even his tone in the second representation was very different from that of the first. In the second representation, the author tone was still descriptive but was more sympathetic, and remarkably Capote had a way to make Perry look good even though he was the actual killer of the Clutter family.There are many similarities and many differences between the way author presented the two perspectives even though they are of the same time span. Although the way the author presented the two perspectives are very different, there are also many similarities, some similarities are, he gives the same story and often used the same quotes in both representations, in the first representation the author wrote â€Å"Mountains. Hawks wheeling in a white sky. † In the second representation the author also wrote â€Å"Mountains . Hawks wheeling in a white sky. † This was very important because it helped the reader understand what the author was doing.Another similarity between the two representations is the way the author displays the morality of the characters, in both representations he displays Perry as a more sympathetic character and displays Dick as very proud character. The differences between the way the author presented the two representations, one difference is the tense he used in each representation, in the first representation he uses past tense when giving the story in the perspective of Dick, while in the second representation he presents the story in present tense when giving the perspective if Perry.Another difference is the way he portrays each character, this is very important because it helps the reader understand how the author felt towards each character. In conclusion the way the author presents the same time span from the perspective of Dick Hickock and the perspective of Perr y Smith throughout in Cold Blood helps reader understand the connection he had with Dick and also Perry. He also shows that Even though the two may believe that they need each other and that they are similar in each and every way, they each put their own personal profit above one another whether it is for small change, sex, or even as far as death.The author includes the same time span from the point of view from each character to point out how Dick uses Perry as a foil for his own self-image, often belittling him for his more eccentric, â€Å"childish,† or feminine qualities, in comparison with which Dick convinces himself that he is â€Å"normal,† Perry, on the other hand, prides himself on being â€Å"exceptional,† sensitive, even â€Å"artistic† in comparison to Dick. However, each man looks to the other for affirmation of his own masculinity, Dick latching onto Perry for his â€Å"killer instincts,† and Perry yearning for Dick to think him â⠂¬Å"hard, as much the ‘masculine type’ as he considers Dick to be.

Mha 601

Name: Erika Hernandez MHA601:    Principles of Health Care Administration Professor: Alisa Wagner Date: March 4, 2013 Avoiding Errors in Healthcare Management The health care organizations, managers develop new ways to address these errors among the postmodern and complexity adaptive systems (CAS). Managers must develop strategies for advantages of learning that if change is applied to our management skills in which is being implemented by the postmodern and complexity adaptive systems to become production. They are being faced with many challenges in any situation at our everyday employment or job setting.They must be able to determine what is correct when making decisions while knowing and learning to do what is right for the health care organization. In this assignment, I will cover the ten error scenarios and the explanation on why they are errors in healthcare management organizations. The first error that I will explain is failing to accountability for employee to learn safe machine operation methods by experimenting on their own. This error will allow them to exclude a step by step process, which a step by step process is what makes the organization operate at its best.I believe that the employees will benefit and develop their own way of processing these machines operations to better their job performance. Keeping a minimum routine can reduce the quality of product. The second error is training all employees with the same orientation program regardless of the cultural interpretation. In the United States, we live in a huge diverse world as time changes and also we retrieve the information given to us differently as well as how we interpret the information. The main point of managers is not to compare or contrast any situation, but to correct the way of everyone’s training.Our text mentions, postmodern and complexity adaptive system that both of them address problems between what people observe and what they think things should be. The next erro r is disciplining one employee, expecting a modest change in behaviour but getting a union response. The quality of relationships within a healthcare organization may be more important than the quality of the people, because healthcare organizations are essentially relational in their structures, processes, and functions (Stroebel, 2005).Healthcare organization relies greatly on the influence of the employees to establish a great relationship within the organization. An example would be having a great relationship with the patients and families as well. Another error is changing a work process without considering the role of communities of practice on the work performance. In this error, the employee with a disciplining can be a reflection of a change in the work place setting. We as managers must develop strategies on any change without the employees initiating and the outcome could be to better the organization.Healthcare management plays a huge important role that for them to kno w what their role is and how to execute their role and to receive the best outcome is hard work. The next error that I will discuss in addressing is assuming that employees will not reallocate work assignments based on their perception of the best arrangement even after receiving work allocation assignments from managements. If managers do not receive the correct information in the allocated time, they do not understand the dynamic of satisfying our clients.Being organized is the most important thing that can be handled properly to assure the best way for our organization. Another error is ignoring the speed of informal messages as they fail to manage rumours in a productive manner. We can provide an environment of psychological safety that will help workers develop an attitude toward innovation that enables them to act with a presumption of personal and professional confidence (Edmondson, 1996). This error can mean generating a negative energy throughout the health care organizatio n and by providing positive environments can create positive production.The next error is failing to treat the organization’s dominant logic as an emergent property of the system, instead treating it as something that can be imposed on the system. In this error, we must prepare ourselves of what is we are going to receive as sometimes we do not want to know what the outcome really would be. In our hospital, we are having some of these errors that now they are being planned to better our organization for the best of the employees. Next, we have looking for one bad apple in a group as a strategy for improving work quality while the quality of output may be an emergent property of the group can also be an error.This can lead to paying attention to the irrelevant things that exist in the organization. For example, we set up control systems and end up watching the control system instead of the systems (Weick, 1985). The fact that the release of the any new product may change the m arket in such a way as it makes the market analysis incorrect. Our world is continuously change the ability to respond creatively to market analysis can lead to unexpected situations either to any healthcare setting organizations.I think by creating an environment where the whole people would feel free to discuss both the positive and negative outcomes of unintended events, and where the sharing of ideas is seen as a way to leverage new things in unexpected ways. Complexity science and postmodernism concentrate on â€Å"transforming the space of the possible. †    (Johnson, 2010). The last error of discussion is offering a premium to internal workers for extra production without expecting the change in rewards structure to affect relationship with suppliers.This is an error that provides incentives for the internal workers to provide production. Great managers are about making changes to bring the best out of our workers and giving them a pat on the back as to showing them what a good job they have been doing and recognizing their employees. Considering different ways on expecting and assuming what is giving this can open the organization up to better planning in the future. In conclusion, these ten scenarios as errors can lead to critical concerns within an organization that managers must develop strategies for advantages of learning.Managing healthcare organization requires being creative and helping people to do good things. Any decision making can be a key component to operating a great healthcare organization. As the change is applied to our organization the management skills will be implemented to the postmodern and complexity adaptive systems to become productive in the organization. References Edmondson, A. C. (1996). Learning from mistakes is easier said than done: Group and organizational influences on the detection and correction of human error. J Applied Behavior Science. 32(1):5–28. Johnson, J. A. (2010).Health organizations:    Theory, behavior, & development. Boston: Jones and Bartlett. ISBN: 9780763750534 Weick, K. E. (1985). Cosmos vs. chaos: Sense and nonsense in electronic contexts. Organ Dyn. 14(2):51–64 Bird, K. , Kundu, A. & de Lujan Perez, G. (2010). Using Deming’s principles to create the next generation of healthcare leaders. The Journal for Quality and Participation, 33(2), 15. Retrieved from the ProQuest database. Swedish, J. (2009). Leadership: Meeting the demands of the times. Frontiers of Health Services Management, 26(2), 31. Retrieved from the ProQuest database.

Women Authors as Mirror of Society Paper Essay Example

Women Authors as Mirror of Society Paper Essay Example Women Authors as Mirror of Society Paper Paper Women Authors as Mirror of Society Paper Paper Daisy Miller for The Portrait of a Lady and Edith Wharton who is commended for The Bell Jar, both of whom writers specified a critic on the patriarchal system dominating the social arena (Ward, 2007). e. ) Women’s role during the industrial age has changed and became more involved in a wider realm further than their respective homes.In records, women have joined the labor force and additionally became impressively involved in different and varying contexts of social reformations. The height of feminist eminence during the time was in the temperance interest group particularly through the Womans Christian Temperance Union or the WCTU (Canada, 2002) . As these liberalistic and social confrontations of women began to widely attain a surface in history, feminist conviction to elect likewise peaked its stature.Gradually then did the womens role in the society, whether through social or political unravels, gained boldness in the American ground. Significantly for Canada (2002) femi nine contributions are well-marked on the quarter of education wherein an intrepid number of higher scholastic disciplines went coed or better yet had founded schools exclusively for women. d/f) It is apparent then how women have managed to gain courage and fight for their own rights and places in the society where they felt should accept them as equal with men. Such persistent effort changed the literary representations of women from a completely less inferior creature to a more becoming and more powerful icon in the society.Politically, women are already thriving their way up just as the way they have succeeded in the literary endeavors. Women who have engaged in literature and politics have gained fame and power, freedom from and equality with men. It also allowed them to exercise and assert their rights and privileges as a completely equal human being with the breeds of men. However, orientation from the politics somehow inhibits the freedom of a woman because there are politica l norms and various factors that may influence the pure thinking of femininity, unlike in literature, where the bounds they can control is limitless. g. )On the other side, there is an apparent difference between how a male portrays a woman and a female portraying a woman. Once the pen is in the hand of the man, the woman in character is harassed by only pinning out her most negative personality. According to KyraDean (2007), Editha by W. D. Howells acknowledged the main female character Editha as a conceitedly, self-absorbed dreamer who submissively loves her partner. Such act of selfishness was only attributed to women only at the time. Charles Chestnut also regarded the same philosophy to women.In his The Wife of His Youth, he depicted the female character Liza as a total naive and illiterate. In contrast and discrimination with Liza’s former co-slave at a plantation, Mr. Page # 5 Ryder was shown and described to have climbed the social ladder. Such presentation manifested how women were put beneath the shoes of men (KyraDean, 2007).ReferencesCanada M. , 2002, Postbellum American Literature, Publication retrieved on 04 Sept 2007 from uncp. edu/home/canada/work/markport/lit/amauth/spg2002/postbell.htm KyraDean, The Oppression of Women in American Literature from the Civil War to World War II , Publication retrieved on 05 Sept 2007 from planetpapers. com/Assets/5090. php The Social Response to Industrialization, Publication retrieved on 04 Sept 2007 from http://sparknotes. com/testprep/books/sat2/history/chapter12section3. rhtml Ward J, Women, Madness and Americal Literature, Publication retrieved on 05 Sept 2007 from geocities. com/athens/acropolis/6998/index. html0

Macrina the Elder and Macrina the Younger

Macrina the Elder and Macrina the Younger Macrina the Elder Facts Known for:  teacher and grandmother of  St. Basil the Great, Gregory of Nyssa,  Macrina the Younger  and their siblings; also the mother of St. Basil the ElderDates:  probably born before 270, died about 340Feast Day:  January 14 Macrina the Elder Biography Macrina the Elder, a Byzantine Christian, lived in Neocaesaria. She was associated with Gregory Thaumaturgus, a follower of the church father Origen, who is credited with converting the city of Neocaesaria to Christianity. She fled with her husband (whose name is not known) and lived in the forest during the persecution of Christians by the emperors Galerius and Diocletian. After the persecution ended, having lost their property, the family settled in Pontus on the Black Sea. Her son was Saint Basil the Elder. She had a major role in the raising of her grandchildren, who included: Saint Basil the Great, Saint Gregory of Nyssa, Saint Peter of Sebastea (Basil and Gregory are known as the Cappadocian Fathers), Naucratios,  Saint Macrina the Younger, and, possibly, Dios of Antioch Saint Basil the Great credited her with having formed and molded me in doctrine, passing on to her grandchildren the teachings of Gregory Thaumaturgus. Because she lived much of her life as a widow, she is known as the patron saint of widows. We know of St. Macrina the Elder primarily through the writings of her two grandsons, Basil and Gregory, and also of  Saint Gregory of Nazianzus. Macrina the Younger Facts Known for:  Macrina the Younger is credited with influencing her brothers Peter and Basil to go into a religious vocationOccupation:  ascetic, teacher, spiritual directorDates:  about 327 or 330 to 379 or 380Also known as:  Macrinia; she took Thecla as her baptismal nameFeast Day:  July 19 Background, Family: Mother: Saint EmmeliaFather: Saint BasilGrandmother:  Macrina the ElderNine or ten younger brothers include:  Saint Basil the Great  , Saint Gregory of Nyssa, Saint Peter of Sebastea (Basil and Gregory are two of the church theological leaders known as the Cappadocian Fathers), Naucratios and, possibly, Dios of Antioch Macrina the Younger Biography: Macrina, the eldest of her siblings, was promised to be married by the time she was twelve, but the man died before the wedding, and Macrina chose a life of chastity and prayer, considering herself a widow and hoping for her eventual reunion in the afterlife with her fiance. Macrina was educated at home, and helped educate her younger brothers. After Macrinas father died in about 350, Macrina, with her mother and, later, her younger brother Peter, turned their home into a womens religious community. The women servants of the family became members of the community, and others soon were attracted to the house. Her brother Peter later founded a mens community connected with the womens community.  Saint Gregory of Nazianzus  and Eustathius of Sebastea were also connected with the Christian community there. Macrinas mother Emmelia died in about 373 and Basil the Great in 379. Soon after, her brother Gregory visited her one last time, and she died shortly after. Another of her brothers, Basil the Great, is credited as a founder of monasticism in the East, and modeled his community of monks after the community founded by Macrina. Her brother, Gregory of Nyssa, wrote her biography (hagiography). He also wrote On the Soul and Resurrection. The latter represents a dialogue between Gregory and Macrina as he made his last visit to her and she was dying. Macrina, in the dialogue, is represented as a teacher describing her views on heaven and salvation. Later Universalists pointed to this essay where she asserts that all will ultimately be saved (universal restoration). Later church scholars have sometimes rejected that the Teacher in Gregorys dialogue is Macrina, though Gregory clearly states that in the work. They claim that it must have been St. Basil instead, apparently on no other grounds than disbelief that it could have referred to a woman.